Attempting recall of information from memory, as occurs when taking a practice test, is one of
the most potent training techniques known to learning science. However, does testing yield …

The science of learning has made a considerable contribution to our understanding of
effective teaching and learning strategies. However, few instructors outside of the field are …

Educational practice does not, for the most part, rely on research findings. Instead, there'sa
preference for relying on our intuitions about what's best for learning. But relying on intuition …

A concept map is a node-link diagram in which each node represents a concept and each
link identifies the relationship between the two concepts it connects. We investigated how …

Learning is often identified with the acquisition and encoding of new information. Reading a
textbook, listening to a lecture, participating in a hands-on classroom activity, and studying a …

Practicing retrieval is a powerful way to promote learning and long-term retention. This
chapter addresses the theoretical underpinnings of retrieval-based learning. We review …

Over a century of research has established practice testing as a highly robust learning
strategy that promotes long-term retention. However, learners do not always appreciate the …

Teaching educational materials to others enhances the teacher's own learning of those to‐
be‐taught materials, although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here …

The testing effect is a finding from cognitive psychology with relevance for education. It
shows that after an initial study period, taking a practice test improves long-term retention …

Feedback is one of the most important factors for successful learning. Contemporary
computer-based learning and testing environments allow the implementation of automated …