Bioactive peptides (BPs) are specific protein fragments that exert various beneficial effects
on human bodies and ultimately influence health, depending on their structural properties …

Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most prevalent growth factor in the central
nervous system (CNS). It is essential for the development of the CNS and for neuronal …

Substance use disorders (SUDs), defined as a collection of symptoms including tolerance
and withdrawal, are chronic illnesses characterized by relapse and remission. In the United …

The construction of bioactive peptides using β-amino acid-containing sequence patterns is a
very promising strategy to obtain analogues that exhibit properties of high interest for …

Urine drug screen (UDS) immunoassays are a quick and inexpensive method for
determining the presence of drugs of abuse. Many cross-reactivities exist with other …

Biologically active peptides are of particular interest in food science and nutrition because
they have been shown to play physiological roles, including opioid-like features, as well as …

Opioid addiction is a chronic and complex disease characterized by relapse and remission.
In the past decade, the opioid epidemic or opioid crisis in the United States has raised public …

Endogenous opioid peptides and prescription opioid drugs modulate pain, anxiety and
stress by activating opioid receptors, currently classified into four subtypes. Here we …

Human milk contains a multitude of bioactive proteins with very diverse functions, which are
beneficial for the rapidly growing neonate. The large variety of bioactivities is accomplished …

Endomorphin-1 (Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2) and endomorphin-2 (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2) are two
endogenous opioid peptides with high affinity and remarkable selectivity for the μ-opioid …