Prostanoids are cyclic, oxygenated products ofω3 andω6 20-and 22-carbon essential fatty
acids (FAs) that are formed enzymatically through “cyclooxygenases”. Prostaglandin …

Inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of many complex diseases and
disorders including autoimmune diseases, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative …

Organoids serve as a novel tool for disease modeling in three-dimensional multicellular
contexts. Static organoids, however, lack the requisite biophysical microenvironment such …

Background Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is one of the most common gynecological
conditions among young females, which has a significant negative impact on health-related …

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common, disregarded, underdiagnosed, and inadequately
treated complaint of both young and adult females. It is characterized by painful cramps in …

Host specificity is observed in gut symbionts of diverse animal lineages. But how hosts
maintain symbionts while rejecting their close relatives remains elusive. We use eusocial …

Cyclooxgenases are key enzymes of lipid signaling. They carry out the first step in the
production of prostaglandins, important mediators of inflammation, pain, cardiovascular …

Although nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs can alleviate menstrual pain, about 18% of
women with dysmenorrhea are unresponsive, leaving them and their physicians to pursue …

Pathologic hyperreactive inflammatory responses occur when there is excessive activation
of a proinflammatory NF-κB pathway and a reduced cytoprotective NRF2 cascade. The …

Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs target the cyclooxygenase enzymes
(COX-1 and COX-2) to block the formation of prostaglandins. Aspirin is unique in that it …