Ischemic stroke is caused primarily by an interruption in cerebral blood flow, which induces
severe neural injuries, and is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic structure that protects the brain from harmful
blood-borne, endogenous and exogenous substances and maintains the homeostatic …

Cerebral stroke is ranked as the third most common contributor to global mortality and
disability. The involvement of inflammatory mechanisms, both peripherally and within the …

Background Infectious agents can reprogram or “train” macrophages and their progenitors to
respond more readily to subsequent insults. However, whether such an inflammatory …

Blood brain barrier (BBB) injury is an important factor affecting the prognosis of ischemic
stroke. Extensive research on BBB injury has revealed that blood vessels and neural …

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage is the main pathological basis for acute ischemic stroke
(AIS)-induced cerebral vasogenic edema and hemorrhagic transformation (HT). Glial cells …

Background Lyme neuroborreliosis, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi affects
both the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS, PNS). The CNS manifestations …

Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is closely related to dysfunctional glucose
metabolism. Celastrol is a bioactive compound that has been found to exhibit …

Glucose transported to the brain is metabolized to lactate in astrocytes and supplied to
neuronal cells via a monocarboxylic acid transporter (MCT). Lactate is used in neuronal …

The integrity of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) is mainly maintained by endothelial cells and
basement membrane and could be regulated by pericytes, neurons, and glial cells including …