Atherosclerosis is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading
cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelium activation and …

Mitochondrial proton leak is the principal mechanism that incompletely couples substrate
oxygen to ATP generation. This chapter briefly addresses the recent progress made in …

Coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndromes are accountable for significant
morbidity and mortality, despite the preventive measures and technological advancements …

Aims This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of nutritional status in post‐
discharge Asians with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Methods and …

Background and aims Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is one of the
key regulators of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol plasma levels. Circulating PCSK9 …

Cholesterol crystal (CC) embolism is a complication of advanced atherosclerotic plaques
located in the major arteries. This pathological condition is primarily induced by …

Abstract Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite derived from the gut microbiota, is
proatherogenic and associated with cardiovascular events. However, the change in TMAO …

Food supply in the Mediterranean area has been recently modified by big retail distribution;
for instance, industrial retail has favored shipments of groceries from regions that are …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. The majority of
cardiovascular complications are secondary to atherosclerosis. Extensive evidence has …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic condition characterised by the build-up of plaque in the inner
lining of the blood vessels and it is the main underlying cause of cardiovascular disease …