Historically, the fields of ecoimmunology, psychoneuroimmunology and disease ecology
have taken complementary yet disparate theoretical and experimental approaches, despite …

When access to resources is limited, organisms must shift energy investment among
physiological processes to survive, reproduce, and respond to unpredictable events. The …

Urbanization can cause innumerable abiotic and biotic changes that have the potential to
influence the ecology, behavior, and physiology of native resident organisms. Relative to …

Gravid female lizards often experience reduced thermal preferences and impaired
locomotor performance. These changes have been attributed to the physical burden of the …

The host gut microbiome has complex and specific interactions with the immune system.
Commensal bacteria can communicate with and modulate host immunity. Thus, when the …

The immune system is important to an animal's survival against disease-causing agents and
physical injuries. Accordingly, many resources are required to maintain and activate the …