Purpose. To measure the wavefront aberration at different locations in progressive-power
lenses (PPL's) isolated and in situ (PPL's plus eye). Methods. A Hartmann-Shack wavefront …

Purpose. To characterize and compare progressive addition lens (PAL) surfaces in terms of
the Zernike polynomials. Methods. We examine the spherocylindrical characteristics of PALs …

Purpose To measure progressive addition lenses (PALs) by three techniques and to
compare the differences across techniques. Methods Five contemporary PALs (Varilux …

Recently, computer numerically controlled machines have permitted the manufacture of
progressive power lenses (PPLs) with different designs. However, the possible differences …

Methods. A Hartmann-Shack (HS) wavefront sensor was used to measure PPLs and human
eyes either independently or in combination. An additional channel permits the …

We propose an optical apparatus enabling the measurement of spherical power, cylindrical
power, and optical center coordinates of ophthalmic lenses. The main advantage of this new …

Changes in corneal optics have been measured after downward gaze. However, ocular
aberrations during downward gaze have not been previously measured. A commercial …

Refractive parameters are the main design and evaluation parameters of freeform spectacle
lenses. In this paper, the mathematical model of refractive parameters is established, and …

Purpose. To measure and evaluate variations in spherical power, astigmatism and higher-
order aberrations (HOAs) in progressive addition lenses (PALs) by three techniques and to …

Methods on the measurement of progressive addition lenses (PALs) are summarized.
Principles and characteristics of several comparatively promising kinds of methods based on …