The adaptive immune response to influenza virus infection is multifaceted and complex,
involving antibody and cellular responses at both systemic and mucosal levels. Immune …

Influenza A virions possess two surface glycoproteins—the hemagglutinin (HA) and
neuraminidase (NA)—which exert opposite functions. HA attaches virions to cells by binding …

Here, we describe the discovery of a naturally occurring human antibody (Ab), FluA-20, that
recognizes a new site of vulnerability on the hemagglutinin (HA) head domain and reacts …

Immunodominance (ID) defines the hierarchical immune response to competing antigens in
complex immunogens. Little is known regarding B cell and antibody ID despite its …

B cell responses are critical for antiviral immunity. However, a comprehensive picture of
antigen-specific B cell differentiation, clonal proliferation, and dynamics in different organs …

Hemagglutinin (HA) is most abundant glycoprotein on the influenza virus surface. Influenza
HA promotes viral entry by engaging the receptor and mediating virus–host membrane …

We review the phenomenon of “original antigenic sin”(OAS) in antibody responses to
influenza A virus (IAV) infection or vaccination. OAS refers to the preferential induction of …

Influenza A virus (IAV) imposes a significant socioeconomic burden on humanity.
Vaccination is effective in only 60% of individuals, even under optimal circumstances. The …

A longstanding question is how influenza virus evolves to escape human immunity, which is
polyclonal and can target many distinct epitopes. Here, we map how all amino-acid …

Antibodies that target both group 1 and group 2 influenza A viruses are valuable for
therapeutic and vaccine development, but only a few have been reported to date. Here, we …