Abstract Purpose of the Review Proinflammatory cytokines are consistently elevated in
congestive heart failure. In the current review, we provide an overview on the current …

Vascular calcification (VC), a disorder that causes blood vessel hardening and dysfunction,
is a significant risk factor for type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which invariably manifests …

There is an increasing interest in osteoporosis and reduced bone mineral density affecting
not only post‐menopausal women but also men, particularly with coexisting chronic …

Aim To assess bone status expressed as hip bone mineral density (BMD) in men with heart
failure (HF). Methods and results A total of 141 male patients with HF underwent dual energy …

Background Reduced peripheral muscle mass was demonstrated in patients with chronic
heart failure (HF). Adipokines may have potent metabolic effects on skeletal muscle. The …

Adiponectin has attracted widespread attention because of its pivotal role in glucose
metabolism and energy homeostasis. Adiponectin and its receptor are shown to be …

Circulating and myocardial expressions of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand and
osteoprotegerin are activated in heart failure; however, it remains to be determined their …

Vascular calcification (VC) is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)
and is strongly associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Accumulating …

Sažetak Heart failure (HF) is a frequent chronic disease in elderly people and represents a
major health and economic burden. The accurate diagnosis of HF and the identification of …

Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of mortality in patients with type 2
diabetes mellitus. A major factor in the pathogenesis of CV disease is vascular calcification …