The spread of heavy metal (loid) s at soil-food crop interfaces has become a threat to
sustainable agricultural productivity, food security, and human health. The eco-toxic effects …

Chromium (Cr) is the second most common metal contaminant in ground water, soil, and
sediments due to its wide industrial application, hence posing a serious environmental …

Concerns about emerging environmental contaminants have been growing along with
industrialization and urbanization around the globe. Among various options for remediating …

In the current industrial scenario, chromium (Cr) as a metal is of great importance, but poses
a major threat to the environment. Phytoremediation provides an environmentally …

Heavy metals released into the water bodies and on land surfaces by industries are highly
toxic and carcinogenic in nature. These heavy metals create serious threats to all the flora …

Plant growth and developmental processes as well as abiotic and biotic stress adaptations
are regulated by small endogenous signaling molecules. Among these, phytohormones …

Humic substances (HS), as component of soil organic matter, have been widely studied.
Their positive effects on plant physiology have been further demonstrated, but there are no …

Background Widespread use of chromium (Cr) contaminated fields due to careless and
inappropriate management practices of effluent discharge, mostly from industries related to …

Background Plant basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors are one of the largest and
most diverse gene families and play key roles in regulating diverse stress processes …

Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] is a non‐essential metal for normal plants and is toxic to
plants at high concentrations. However, signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of …