Objective Supraphysiologic doses of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are widely used to
improve body image and sport performance goals. These substances can easily be …

There has been an immense amount of visibility of doping issues on the international stage
over the past 12 months with the complexity of doping controls reiterated on various …

Background Prolonged high-dose anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use has been
associated with psychiatric symptoms and cognitive deficits, yet we have almost no …

Aims This study aims to explore the cardiovascular effects of long-term anabolic–androgenic
steroid (AAS) use in both current and former weightlifting AAS users and estimate the …

Background High-dose long-term use of anabolic–androgenic steroids (AASs) may cause a
range of adverse effects, including brain and cognitive abnormalities. We performed age …

Sustained anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use has adverse behavioral consequences,
including aggression, violence and impulsivity. Candidate mechanisms include disruptions …

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are primarily used to improve physical appearance and
increase lean muscle mass. Due to their masculinizing properties, the majority of people …

Substandard/counterfeit drugs are a growing global problem. According to the World Health
Organisation, counterfeit medicines are medicines that are mislabelled deliberately and …

The use of counterfeit or substandard medicines can have an important health impact,
resulting in therapeutic failure, be toxic or even cause death. Anabolic steroids are a …

While misuse of testosterone esters is widespread in elite and recreational sports, direct
detection of intact testosterone esters in doping control samples is hampered by the rapid …