Vaccines and other alternative products are central to the future success of animal
agriculture because they can help minimize the need for antibiotics by preventing and …

Established models of T-helper-2-cell dominance in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania
major—involving the early production of interleukin-4 by a small subset of Leishmania …

Recent epidemiologic studies indicate that leishmaniasis in the Americas is far more
abundant and of greater public health importance than was previously recognized. The …

Leishmaniae are obligatory intracellular protozoa in mononuclear phagocytes. They cause a
spectrum of diseases, ranging in severity from spontaneously healing skin lesions to fatal …

Publisher Summary Although there are several reports of Leishmania parasitizing cells other
than macrophages or even existing extracellularly in mammalian tissue, it is generally …

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of the immune response to Leishmania,
with particular reference to the cutaneous disease caused by L. major. Leishmaniasis is …

Avirulent strains of Salmonella typhimurium are being considered as antigen delivery
vectors. During its intracellular stage in the host, S. typhimurium resides within a membrane …

Salmonella infections are a serious medical and veterinary problem world-wide and cause
concern in the food industry. Vaccination is an effective tool for the prevention of Salmonella …

Human vaccination against leishmaniasis using live Leishmania was used in Middle East
and Russia (1941–1980). First-generation vaccines, composed by killed parasites induce …

Leishmaniasis is a diverse group of clinical syndromes caused by protozoan parasites of the
genus Leishmania. The clinical manifestation of the disease varies from self-limiting …