Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural polymer, produced endogenously by the human body,
which has unique physicochemical and biological properties, exhibiting desirable …

Joint diseases are one of the most common causes of morbidity and disability worldwide.
The main diseases that affect joint cartilage are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, which …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) causes a huge medical burden due to its high morbidity and
disability rate. Emerging evidences demonstrate that RA has a tumor-like microenvironment …

Methotrexate (MTX) by oral taking has been employed as the first‐line medication for
various chronic inflammatory diseases treatment, such as Crohn's disease and rheumatoid …

Hydroxyapatite (HA), which shares similarities in both chemical composition and structure
with bone phosphate systems, and has garnered significant attention in biomedicine due to …

Bone-related diseases refer to a group of skeletal disorders that are characterized by bone
and cartilage destruction. Conventional approaches can regulate bone homeostasis to a …

Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic inflammatory disease that can lead to articular cartilage
destruction and periarticular bone erosion, thus ultimately compromising joint integrity and …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune disease, is characterized by articular pain
and swelling, synovial hyperplasia, and cartilage and bone destruction. Conventional …

Highlights•Elucidation of the intricate mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of
rheumatoid arthritis.•Combination delivery in clinical trials and preclinical models.•Topical …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with multifactorial etiology and intricate
pathogenesis. In RA, repeated monotherapy is frequently associated with inadequate …