Computational protein engineering has enabled the rational design of customized proteins,
which has propelled both sequence-based and structure-based immunogen engineering …

Several studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 BA. 1 omicron is an immune escape variant.
Meanwhile, however, omicron BA. 2 and BA. 5 became dominant in many countries and …

Background IgG anti-spike (S) antibodies arise after SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as
vaccination. Levels of IgG anti-S are linked to neutralizing antibody titers and protection …

Current COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective against symptomatic disease, but repeated
booster doses using vaccines based on the ancestral strain offer limited additional …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants, particularly
those with multiple mutations in receptor‐binding domain (RBD), pose a critical challenge to …

Some of the lineages of SARS-CoV-2, the new coronavirus responsible for COVID-19,
exhibit higher transmissibility or partial resistance to antibody-mediated neutralization and …

Since it was first detected in December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has spread across
the world and affected virtually every country and territory. The pathogen driving this …

Because of the rapid mutations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-
CoV-2), an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants is needed to prevent coronavirus …

The appearance of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
variants with increased infectivity and immune escape capabilities has allowed continuation …

Background: Since 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly accumulated mutations that have
accelerated viral spread. First identified in January 2021 in Belgium, the unique B. 1.214. 2 …