Illegal drug markets have been described as “stateless” systems. Drug dealers, moreover,
are commonly considered to have a predilection toward the use of violence to resolve …

Background Opioid overdose has become the leading cause of death among adults
between 25 and 54 years old in the US The purpose of this study is to explore the social and …

In illicit online markets, actors are pseudonymous, legal institutions are absent, and
predation is ripe. The literature proposes that problems of trust are solved by reputation …

Background Shifts in the US drug supply, including the proliferation of synthetic opioids and
emergence of xylazine, have contributed to the worsening toll of the overdose epidemic …

Drug-induced homicide (DIH) laws typically allow for the prosecution of drug distribution
resulting in an overdose fatality as equivalent to homicide or manslaughter. Despite …

Drug checking is an evidence-based strategy for overdose prevention that continues to
operate (where it operates) in a legal “gray zone” due to the legal classification of some drug …

The core of this article is a detailed investigation of the dispute resolution system contained
within Darkode, an elite cybercriminal forum. Extracting the dedicated disputes section from …

In the criminal underworld, transactions generate risk for the parties involved, but in contrast
to legal markets, parties are unable to turn to legal recourse when cheated in a transaction …

This study explores police extortion and the negotiation strategies of dealers in street drug
markets. Analysis of 31 in-depth interviews with male retail drug dealers in Uyo, Nigeria …

This report reviews the research literature on illicit drug markets and law enforcement
attempts to disrupt them. Attempts by law enforcement to disrupt illicit drug markets take …