Lyme disease is a tick-borne zoonosis caused by several genospecies of the spirochete
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. 1 The organism normally cycles among small mammals and …

Many factors are involved in determining the latitudinal and altitudinal spread of the
important tick vector Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Europe, as well as in changes in the …

Lyme borreliosis, caused by spirochaetes of the Borrelia burgdorferigenospecies complex,
is the most commonly reported tick-borne infection in Europe and North America. The non …

A wide variety of pathogens is transmitted from ticks to vertebrates including viruses,
bacteria, protozoa and helminths, of which most have a life cycle that requires passage …

Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most frequent ixodid tick-borne human disease in the world, with
an estimated 85,500 patients annually (underlying data presented in this review: Europe …

The analysis of different multi-host systems suggests that even hosts that are not capable of
transmitting Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl.) to the tick vector, Ixodes ricinus, or that are …

Background Hard ticks have been identified as important vectors of rickettsiae causing the
spotted fever syndrome. Tick-borne rickettsiae are considered to be emerging, but only …

Ticks transmit a variety of pathogens affecting both human and animal health. In temperate
and cold regions of Europe (Western, Central, Eastern, and Northern Europe), the most …

Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most prevalent tick-borne disease in Europe. Erythema migrans
(EM), an early, localised skin rash, is its most common presentation. Dissemination of the …

Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is caused by a complex of spirochete
bacteria known collectively as Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl). The disease was first …