Escherichia coli is one of the organisms of choice for the production of recombinant proteins.
Its use as a cell factory is well-established and it has become the most popular expression …

Significance: Disulfides are important building blocks in the secondary and tertiary structures
of proteins, serving as inter-and intra-subunit cross links. Disulfides are also the major …

Thioredoxins are ubiquitous antioxidant enzymes that play important roles in many health-
related cellular processes. As such, the fundamental knowledge of how these enzymes work …

Bacteria are simple and cost effective hosts for producing recombinant proteins. However,
their physiological features may limit their use for obtaining in native form proteins of some …

Antibodies and antibody-derived molecules are continuously developed as both therapeutic
agents and key reagents for advanced diagnostic investigations. Their application in these …

Protein sulfenic acid formation has long been regarded as unwanted damage caused by
reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, over the past 10 years, accumulating evidence …

Abstract Development of regulated cellular processes and signaling methods in synthetic
cells is essential for their integration with living materials. Light is an attractive tool to achieve …

The mitochondrion is arguably the most complex organelle in the budding yeast cell
cytoplasm. It is essential for viability as well as respiratory growth. Its innermost aqueous …

If DNA is the information of life, then proteins are the machines of life—but they must be
assembled and correctly folded to function. A key step in the protein-folding pathway is the …

Cellular functions hinge on the ability of proteins to adopt their correct folds, and misfolded
proteins can lead to disease. Here, we focus on the proteins that catalyze disulfide bond …