Pyruvate is a keystone molecule critical for numerous aspects of eukaryotic and human
metabolism. Pyruvate is the end-product of glycolysis, is derived from additional sources in …

Herbal medicine has attracted great attention in the recent years and is increasingly used as
alternatives to chemical drugs. Several lines of evidence support the positive impact of …

Free-radicals (Oxygen and Nitrogen species) are formed in mitochondria during the
oxidative phosphorylation. Their high reactivity, due to not-engaged electrons, leads to an …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with no clear causative event
making the disease difficult to diagnose and treat. The pathological hallmarks of AD include …

Thymoquinone (TQ) possesses anticonvulsant, antianxiety, antidepressant, and
antipsychotic properties. It could be utilized to treat drug misuse or dependence, and those …

Besides extracellular deposition of amyloid beta and formation of phosphorylated tau in the
brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the pathogenesis of AD is also thought to …

The loss of the ability for learning and memory is a prominent feature of dementia, which
affects millions of individuals all over the world, due to either neurodegenerative diseases or …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) represent a heterogeneous group of aging-related
disorders featured by progressive impairment of motor and/or cognitive functions, often …

Widely consumed worldwide, Nigella sativa (NS) is a medicinal herb commonly used in
various alternative medicine systems, such as Unani and Tibb, Ayurveda, and Siddha …

Parkinson disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder with progressive
degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons for which current treatments afford …