As obligate intracellular parasites, virus reproduction requires host cell functions. Despite
variations in genome size and configuration, nucleic acid composition, and their repertoire of …

Synthetic genome recoding is a novel method of generating viruses with altered
phenotypes, whereby many synonymous mutations are introduced into the protein coding …

Mutating RNA virus genomes to alter codon pair (CP) frequencies and reduce translation
efficiency has been advocated as a method to generate safe, attenuated virus vaccines …

Codon pair deoptimization is an efficient virus attenuation strategy, but the mechanism that
leads to attenuation is unknown. The strategy involves synthetic recoding of viral genomes …

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important viral agent of serious pediatric
respiratory-tract disease worldwide. A vaccine or generally effective antiviral drug is not yet …

Previously, we demonstrated that frequencies of CpG and UpA dinucleotides profoundly
influence the replication ability of echovirus 7 (Tulloch et al., 2014). Here, we show that that …

Attenuated, live viral vaccines have been extraordinarily successful in protecting against
many diseases. The main drawbacks in their development and use have been reliance on …

The lifecycle of retroviruses and retrotransposons includes a reverse transcription step,
wherein dsDNA is synthesized from genomic RNA for subsequent insertion into the host …

Most vertebrate and plant RNA and small DNA viruses suppress genomic CpG and UpA
dinucleotide frequencies, apparently mimicking host mRNA composition. Artificially …

Codon pair bias deoptimization (CPBD) has enabled highly efficient and rapid attenuation of
RNA viruses. The technique relies on recoding of viral genes by increasing the number of …