Abstract English is the dominant language in the study of human cognition and behavior: the
individuals studied by cognitive scientists, as well as most of the scientists themselves, are …

There is a longstanding and widely held misconception about the relative remoteness of
abstract concepts from concrete experiences. This review examines the current evidence for …

The “mental number line”(MNL) is a form of spatial numeric representation that associates
small and large numbers with the left and right spaces, respectively. This spatio-numeric …

In industrialized groups, adults implicitly map numbers, time, and size onto space according
to cultural practices like reading and counting (eg, from left to right). Here, we tested the …

Non-symbolic numerical abilities are widespread among vertebrates due to their important
adaptive value. Moreover, these abilities were considered peculiar of vertebrate species as …

The human brain possesses neural networks and mechanisms enabling the representation
of numbers, basic arithmetic operations, and mathematical reasoning. Without the ability to …

Making inferences from behaviour to cognition is problematic due to a many-to-one mapping
problem, in which any one behaviour can be generated by multiple possible cognitive …

The human visual system can discriminate between animate beings vs. inanimate objects
on the basis of some kinematic cues, such as starting from rest and speed changes by self …

An expert on the brain argues that the mind is not a blank slate and that much early behavior
is biologically predisposed rather than learned. Why do newborns show a preference for a …

Abstract “Left” and “right” coordinates control our spatial behavior and even influence
abstract thoughts. For number concepts, horizontal spatial–numerical associations (SNAs) …