The cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway has
emerged as a critical innate immune pathway that, following engagement by DNA, promotes …

Cells are equipped with numerous sensors that recognize nucleic acids, which probably
evolved for defence against viruses. Once triggered, these sensors stimulate the production …

Over the past decade, it has become clear that the stimulator of interferon genes (STING)
pathway is critical for a variety of immune responses. This endoplasmic reticulum-anchored …

Cytosolic DNA is characteristic of chromosomally unstable metastatic cancer cells, resulting
in constitutive activation of the cGAS–STING innate immune pathway. How tumors co-opt …

While intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) occupies a key position in the bioenergetic
metabolism of all the cellular compartments that form the tumor microenvironment (TME) …

Adenosine is an evolutionary ancient metabolic regulator linking energy state to physiologic
processes, including immunomodulation and cell proliferation. Tumors create an adenosine …

In the decade since the discovery of the innate immune cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)–
2′ 3′-cyclic GMP–AMP (cGAMP)–stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, its …

The metazoan innate immune second messenger 2′ 3′-cGAMP is present both inside
and outside cells. However, only extracellular cGAMP can be negatively regulated by the …

Summary Extracellular 2′ 3′-cyclic-GMP-AMP (cGAMP) is an immunotransmitter exported
by diseased cells and imported into host cells to activate the innate immune STING pathway …

Abstract Ectodomain phosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (ENPP1) is overexpressed on
cancer cells and functions as an innate immune checkpoint by hydrolyzing extracellular …