This review addresses the method of explicit calculations of interatomic exchange
interactions of magnetic materials. This involves exchange mechanisms normally referred to …

A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) capable of performing pump–probe spectroscopy
integrates unmatched atomic-scale resolution with high temporal resolution. In recent years …

Clarifying the electronic and magnetic properties of lutetium, lutetium dihydride, and lutetium
oxide is very helpful to understand the emergent phenomena in lutetium-based compounds …

Complexity of patterns is key information for human brain to differ objects of about the same
size and shape. Like other innate human senses, the complexity perception cannot be easily …

Two-dimensional (2D) magnets have raised enormous attention because of their stable long-
range magnetic orders and anomalous magnetic physics at 2D limits. Spin glass states are …

Cooling the junction of a scanning tunneling microscope to millikelvin temperatures is
fundamental for high-resolution scanning tunneling spectroscopy. However, accurately …

At finite temperatures, fluctuations invariably introduce disorder and are responsible for
ultimately destroying ordered phases. Here we present an unusual magnetic transition in …

The influence of interface electronic structure is vital to control lower dimensional
superconductivity and its applications to gated superconducting electronics, and …

The presence of spin-orbit coupling or noncollinear magnetic spin states can have dramatic
effects on the ground-state and spectral properties of materials, in particular on the band …

In the last decade, detecting spin dynamics at the atomic scale has been enabled by
combining techniques such as electron spin resonance (ESR) or pump–probe spectroscopy …