A historical perspective on estradiol's enhancement of cognitive function is presented, and research, primarily in animals, but also in humans, is reviewed. Data regarding the …
R D'Hooge, PP De Deyn - Brain research reviews, 2001 - Elsevier
The Morris water maze (MWM) was described 20 years ago as a device to investigate spatial learning and memory in laboratory rats. In the meanwhile, it has become one of the …
The provision of environmental enrichment (EE) for laboratory rats is recommended in European guidelines governing laboratory animal welfare. It is believed the EE …
B McEwen - Recent progress in hormone research, 2002 - endocrine.org
Besides affecting the hypothalamus and other brain areas related to reproduction, ovarian steroids have widespread effects throughout the brain, on serotonin pathways …
BS McEwen - Journal of applied physiology, 2001 - journals.physiology.org
Besides their well-established actions on reproductive functions, estrogens exert a variety of actions on many regions of the nervous system that influence higher cognitive function, pain …
Ample evidence has demonstrated that sex steroid hormones, such as the potent estrogen 17β-estradiol (E2), affect hippocampal morphology, plasticity, and memory in male and …
Z Jonasson - Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2005 - Elsevier
The existence of sex differences in the standard rat and mouse models of learning and memory is a controversial and contested topic in the literature. The present meta-analysis of …
Sex differences in neurological disease extend from incidence, severity, progression and symptoms and may ultimately influence treatment. Cognitive disturbances are frequent in …
There is ample empirical evidence to support the notion that the biological impacts of estrogen extend beyond the gonads to other bodily systems, including the brain and …