Everyone reasons about possibilities. This article explains how they could do so using
mental models. The theory makes four major claims: 1. Correct inferences are necessary …

Cognitive scientists treat verification as a computation in which descriptions that match the
relevant situation are true, but otherwise false. The claim is controversial: The logician Gödel …

The link between classical and quantum theories is discussed in terms of extensional and
intensional viewpoints. The paper aims to bring evidence that classical and quantum …

This article describes how human reasoning differs from standard logics. It tells the story of
three sorts of inference, for example: the possibility of rain implies the possibility of no rain; a …

The theory of mental models and its computer implementations have led to crucial
experiments showing that no standard logic—the sentential calculus and all logics that …

One of the most important challenges in decision theory has been how to reconcile the
normative expectations from Bayesian theory with the apparent fallacies that are common in …

In classical logic, it is possible to derive 'either p or q'from 'p'(where p and q are sentences
with any content). This is a cognitive problem, since people often tend not to make …

Cognitive theories for reasoning are about understanding how humans come to conclusions
from a set of premises. Starting from hypothetical thoughts, we are interested which are the …

A conditional statement If P then Q is formed by combining the two propositions P and Q
together with the conditional connective If··· then···. When embedded under the conditional …

The commentators of our target article present several detailed arguments to refute the
opposing theory. The real issue, however, seems to be the fundamental question of how the …