Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional cytokine and adhesion molecule, as well as an
unusual regulator for both innate and adaptive immune responses. Several immune cells …

Semaphorin 3A is a secreted glycoprotein, which was originally identified as axon guidance
factor in the neuronal system, but it also possesses immunoregulatory properties. Here, the …

Background. The extracellular matrix of the PNS/CNS is unusual in that it is dominated by
glycosaminoglycans, especially hyaluronan, whose space filling and hydrating properties …

Periodontitis (PD), also known as gum disease, is a condition causing inflammatory bone
resorption and tooth loss. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and regulatory B cells (Bregs) are vital …

One of the most common diabetic microvascular complications is diabetic neuropathy (DN).
Immune cell infiltration in the peripheral nerve system (PNS), myelin loss, Schwann cell …

The immune and nervous systems possess a highly intricate network of synaptic
connections, shared messenger molecules, and exquisite communication ways, allowing …

Emerging evidence suggests that neural activity contributes to tumor initiation and its
acquisition of metastatic properties. More specifically, it has been reported that the …

Peptic ulcer disease is a frequent clinical problem with potentially serious complications
such as bleeding or perforation. A decisive factor in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers is …

Semaphorins have recently been recognized as crucial modulators of immune responses. In
the pathogenesis of COVID-19, the activation of immune responses is the key factor in the …

abstract Semaphorins were originally identified as guidance molecules in neural
development. However, accumulating evidence indicates that 'immune semaphorins' are …