Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors, and develops because of the rapid growth of
the tumor that outstrips the oxygen supply, and impaired blood flow due to the formation of …

Numerous pharmaceutical drugs have been repurposed for use as treatments for COVID-19
disease. These drugs have not consistently demonstrated high efficacy in preventing or …

Drug resistance is a major obstacle in the treatment of tumors, which easily lead to relapse
or poor prognosis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are regarded as one of the important targets …

Cancer represents a large group of diseases accounting for nearly 10 million deaths each
year. Various treatment strategies, including surgical resection combined with …

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant neoplasm in females. While conventional
treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy are available, they are highly invasive …

Background and aim Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is one of the most important causes of
breast cancer metastasis and resistance against drugs. The cancer stem cells (CSCs) are …

The high incidence of breast cancer (BC) is linked to metastasis, facilitated by tumor
angiogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that …

Cancer organoids generated from 3D in vitro cell cultures have contributed to the study of
drug resistance. Maintenance of genomic and transcriptomic similarity between organoids …

Application of the anti-HER2 drug trastuzumab has significantly improved the prognosis of
patients with the HER2-positive subtype of breast cancer. However, 50% of patients with …

Cancer includes a group of diseases involving unregulated cell growth with the potential to
invade or expand to other parts of the body, resulting in an estimate of 9.6 million deaths …