Starch granules are composed of two distinct glucose polymers–amylose and amylopectin.
Amylose constitutes 5–35% of most natural starches and has a major influence over starch …

Major insights into the phylogenetic distribution, biochemistry, and evolutionary significance
of organelles involved in ATP synthesis (energy metabolism) in eukaryotes that thrive in …

Cyanobacteria played an important role in the evolution of Early Earth and the biosphere.
They are responsible for the oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans since the Great …

Photosynthesis evolved in eukaryotes by the endosymbiosis of a cyanobacterium, the future
plastid, within a heterotrophic host. This primary endosymbiosis occurred in the ancestor of …

Starch is the most widespread and abundant storage carbohydrate in plants. We depend
upon starch for our nutrition, exploit its unique properties in industry, and use it as a …

Solid semi-crystalline starch and hydrosoluble glycogen define two distinct physical states of
the same type of storage polysaccharide. Appearance of semi-crystalline storage …

Cyanobacteria forged two major evolutionary transitions with the invention of oxygenic
photosynthesis and the bestowal of photosynthetic lifestyle upon eukaryotes through …

Starch granule morphology differs markedly among plant species. However, the
mechanisms controlling starch granule morphology have not been elucidated. Rice (Oryza …

The molecular mechanism that initiates the synthesis of starch granules is poorly
understood. Here, we discovered two plastidial proteins involved in granule initiation in …

Enormous progress has been made in understanding the genetics and biochemistry of
starch synthesis in crop plants. Furthermore, starch remains at the very epicenter of the …