Epithelial cells line the entire surface of the gastrointestinal tract and its accessory organs
where they primarily function in transporting digestive enzymes, nutrients, electrolytes, and …

▪ Abstract The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a family of large proteins in
membranes and are able to transport a variety of compounds through membranes against …

Molecular medicine has led to rapid advances in the characterization of hepatobiliary
transport systems that determine the uptake and excretion of bile salts and other biliary …

The nuclear pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2) is an important component of the body's
adaptive defense mechanism against toxic substances including foreign chemicals …

The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor that plays key roles in hepatoprotection
by maintaining the homeostasis of liver metabolism. FXR null mice display strong hepatic …

Multidrug Resistance Proteins (MRPs), together with the cystic fibrosis conductance
regulator (CFTR/ABCC7) and the sulfonylurea receptors (SUR1/ABCC8 and SUR2/ABCC9) …

The multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2, ABCC2), mediates the efflux of
several conjugated compounds across the apical membrane of the hepatocyte into the bile …

The vectorial transport of bile salts from blood into bile is essential for the generation of bile
flow, solubilization of cholesterol in bile, and emulsification of lipids in the intestine. Major …

Drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and transporters play pivotal roles in the disposition
and detoxification of numerous foreign and endogenous chemicals. To accommodate …

▪ Abstract Liver X receptors (LXRs) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) are nuclear receptors
that function as intracellular sensors for sterols and bile acids, respectively. In response to …