Biological membranes define the boundaries of cells and compartmentalize the chemical
and physical processes required for life. Many biological processes are carried out by …

INTRODUCTION Almost all venoms contain toxins that modulate the activity of voltage-gated
sodium (Nav) channels in order to incapacitate prey or predators. The single-chain …

Ion channels are implicated in many essential physiological events such as electrical signal
propagation and cellular communication. The advent of K+ and Na+ ion channel structure …

Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) are a key determinant of neuronal signalling.
Neurotoxins from diverse taxa that selectively activate or inhibit NaV channels have helped …

Thousands of voltage-gated sodium (Na v) channel variants contribute to a variety of
disorders, including epilepsy, cardiac arrhythmia, and pain disorders. Yet, the effects of more …

Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels constitute a prime target for drug design and
discovery, given their implication in various diseases such as epilepsy, migraine and ataxia …

The Conus genus includes around 500 species of marine mollusks with a peculiar
production of venomous peptides known as conotoxins (CTX). Each species is able to …

The voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel Nav1. 7 has been the focus of intense
investigation in recent years. Human genetics studies of individuals with gain-of-function …

Bacterial flagella are the best-known rotational organelles in the biological world. The spiral-
shaped flagellar filaments that extend from the cell surface rotate like a screw to create a …

Proteins usually need to transit between different conformational states to fulfill their
biological functions. In the mechanistic study of such transition processes by molecular …