Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) microbial pesticides have a 50-year history of safety in agriculture.
Cry proteins are among the active insecticidal ingredients in these pesticides, and genes …

Abstract Kong‐Ming Wu (Corresponding author) The application of recombinant DNA
technology has resulted in many insect‐resistant varieties by genetic engineering (GE) …

Determining the rate of biodegradation of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) in the
environment is an essential element of a comprehensive risk assessment of an RNA‐based …

Widespread planting of maize throughout the agricultural Midwest may result in detritus
entering adjacent stream ecosystems, and 63% of the 2009 US maize crop was genetically …

Invasive species, range-expanding species, genetically modified organisms (GMOs),
synthetic organisms, and emerging pathogens increasingly affect the human environment …

Stacked GM crops expressing up to six Cry toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are today
replacing the formerly grown single-transgene GM crop varieties. Stacking of multiple Cry …

Inland freshwaters transform and retain up to half of the carbon that enters from the terrestrial
environment and have recently been recognized as important components of regional and …

The widespread use of Cry proteins in insecticide formulations and transgenic crops for
insect control has led to an increased interest in the environmental fate of these proteins …

The Cry toxins are a family of crystal-forming proteins produced by the bacterium Bacillus
thuringiensis. Their mode of action is thought to be to create pores that disrupt the gut …

The term Bt crops collectively refers to crops that have been genetically modified to include a
gene (or genes) sourced from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacteria. These genes confer the …