Precision-cut tissue slices have been applied by many researchers because they represent
an organ mini-model that closely resembles the organ from which it is prepared, with all cell …

Introduction: For orally administered drugs, their intestinal absorption and hepatic
metabolism are key players for determining a drug's systemic bioavailability and thus …

The consumption of polyphenols is associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular
disease. Avenanthramides (AV), alkaloids occurring only in oats, may have anti …

This is the 54th report of a series of workshops organised by the European Centre for the
Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). The main objective of ECVAM, as defined in …

The clinical progression of new chemical entities to pharmaceuticals remains hindered by
the relatively slow pace of technology development in toxicology and clinical safety …

The liver is considered to be the major site of first-pass metabolism, but the small intestine is
also able to contribute significantly. The improvement of existing in vitro techniques and the …

Introduction: Drug-induced liver injury remains a major cause of drug attrition. Furthermore,
novel drugs are being developed for treating liver diseases. However, differences between …

9.4 Concluding Remarks In this chapter, the authors attempted to show how considerations
of pharmacokinetics and metabolism guide the process of developing drugs with improved …

Xenobiotics, including drugs, can influence cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity by upregulating
the transcription of CYP genes. To minimize potential drug interactions, it is important to …

Drug-induced organ injury is a multifaceted process, involving numerous cell types and
mediators, and remains a significant safety issue in pharmaceutical development and …