Ocean acidification may have severe consequences for marine ecosystems; however,
assessing its future impact is difficult because laboratory experiments and field observations …

The rate of CO 2 assimilation by plants is directly influenced by the concentration of CO 2 in
the atmosphere, ca. As an environmental variable, ca also has a unique global and historic …

The cause of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction is vigorously debated, owing to the
occurrence of a very large bolide impact and flood basalt volcanism near the boundary …

The Cretaceous/Paleogene mass extinction, 66 Ma, included the demise of non-avian
dinosaurs. Intense debate has focused on the relative roles of Deccan volcanism and the …

The term" carbon cycle" is normally thought to mean those processes that govern the
present-day transfer of carbon between life, the atmosphere, and the oceans. This book …

The geological record encodes the relationship between climate and atmospheric carbon
dioxide (CO2) over long and short timescales, as well as potential drivers of evolutionary …

Abstract The Late Cretaceous–Early Paleogene is the most recent period in Earth history
that experienced sustained global greenhouse warmth on multimillion year timescales. Yet …

Non‐avian dinosaurs went extinct 66 million years ago, geologically coincident with the
impact of a large bolide (comet or asteroid) during an interval of massive volcanic eruptions …

The Cretaceous was one of the most remarkable periods in geological history, with a
“greenhouse” climate and several important geological events. Reconstructions of …

Stomata are microscopic structures in the epidermis of the aerial parts of flowering plants
formed by two specialized guard cells flanking a central pore. The role of stomata is to …