This document provides a joint recommendation for venous blood sampling of the European
Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group for …

The pre-analytical phase encompasses all the procedures before the start of laboratory
testing. This phase of the testing process is responsible for the majority of the laboratory …

Laboratory diagnostics develop through different phases that span from test ordering (pre-
preanalytical phase), collection of diagnostic specimens (preanalytical phase), sample …

Magnesium is one of the most abundant cations in the body and is essential for a wide
variety of metabolically important reactions. Serum magnesium concentration is regulated by …

Zn2+-passivated carbon dots (named Z-CDs) were synthesized from zinc gluconate for the
first time through a one-step pyrolysis treatment. The mechanism of Zn2+-enhanced …

It has been well reported over recent years that most errors within the total testing process
occur in the pre-analytical phase (46%–68.2%), an area that is usually outside of the direct …

Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of frozen
tofu, ethylenediamine and phosphoric acid in an efficient 64% yield. The resulting CDs …

Severe hyperkalemia is a potentially life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical
intervention. Pseudohyperkalemia can be misleading and result in incorrect interpretation …

Hypomagnesaemia is relatively common, with an estimated prevalence in the general
population ranging from 2· 5% to 15%. It may result from inadequate magnesium intake …

Potassium is one of the most requested laboratory tests. Its level is carefully monitored and
maintained in a narrow physiological range. Even slightly altered potassium values may …