Abstract Countries in the West Asia and North Africa (WANA) region are dependent on
imports of wheat to meet their food security needs. Mechanized raised-bed wheat production …

From the 1980s onward, billions of dollars were poured into irrigation improvement
programs in Egypt. These aimed at improving local Nile water management through the …

Introduction Over 75% of the world's irrigated lands are found in developing countries.'Given
the need to expand agricultural output to meet the growing food demands in these countries …

Water wheels are used throughout Egypt to lift water from a supply canal to field level. The
most common wheel design employs spiral channels to lift the water. The discharge per …

This article provides estimates for on-farm irrigation costs paid by farmers and the imputed
economic value of water for the main crops in the study sample and identifies the …

The performance of many irrigation systems is not satisfactory, that is, management
objectives expressed in terms of productivity and equity are not achieved. The main reason …

In irrigated areas where water is a limiting resource, evaluation of irrigation practices is
important. InEgypt and neighboring areas, where waterwheels are used to lift the water froi …

Modernization processes often encompass global food markets that externalize socio-
environmental costs and national policies that promote cheap urban food. These factors …