Irrigation is a key part of successful root canal treatment. It has several important functions,
which may vary according to the irrigant used: it reduces friction between the instrument and …

The success of endodontic treatment depends on the eradication of microbes (if present)
from the root-canal system and prevention of reinfection. The root canal is shaped with hand …

Introduction: Effective irrigant delivery and agitation are prerequisites for successful
endodontic treatment. Methods: This article presents an overview of the irrigant agitation …

Microbes tend to attach to available surfaces and readily form biofilms, which is problematic
in healthcare settings. Biofilms are traditionally associated with wet or damp surfaces such …

Bacteria have long been recognized as the primary etiological factor in the development of
pulp and periapical lesions. Successful root canal therapy depends on thorough …

INTRODUCTION: Biofilm development is a dynamic process that begins with the initial
attachment of planktonic bacteria to a surface, eventually leading through different stages to …

The aim of this study was to evaluate the minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC)
of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine (CHX), EDTA, and citric and phosphoric …

INTRODUCTION: In the present study, confocal microscopy, a miniflow cell system, and
image analysis were combined to test in situ the effect of antimicrobials and alkali on …

According to contemporary dental standards, the primary goal of endodontic therapy is the
chemo-mechanical cleaning of the complex root canal system. Watering root canals with …

INTRODUCTION: Enterococcus faecalis is commonly associated with persistent periapical
infections. The physiologic state of the cells in the canal is probably closest to the starvation …