Medicinal leeches have been used in health care since before written history, with widely
varying popularity over the centuries. Nowadays, medicinal leech therapy is mainly used in …

Structure–activity relationships (SARs) and structure–property relationships (SPRs) have
been considered the most important factors during the drug optimization process. For …

Flavonoids, a series of compounds with a C6-C3-C6 structure, mostly originate from plant
metabolism. Flavonoids have shown beneficial effects on many aspects of human …

Thrombin is one of the key enzymes of the blood coagulation system and a promising target
for the development of anticoagulants. One of the most specific natural thrombin inhibitors is …

Hypercytokinemia, or cytokine storm, often complicates the treatment of viral and bacterial
infections, including COVID-19, leading to the risk of thrombosis. However, the use of …

Encapsulating enzymes in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) enhances enzyme protection
and improves the accuracy of inhibitor recognition and screening. Zeolitic imidazolate …

Background: Blackthorn flower (Prunus spinosa L.) is a traditional herbal remedy
recommended for treating cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Aim: This in vitro study …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by symptoms such as abnormal lubrication function of
synovial fluid and heightened friction on the cartilage surface in its early stages, prior to …

Due to the advances of various methods for the prediction of toxicity of organic compounds
and ionic liquids (ILs), it is necessary to review these methods for scientists and students. It …

Although complementary medicine practises have a long history, but recently focused on
their potential mechanisms of action. Among the leeches, Hirudo-medicinal is has …