Androgen insensitivity syndrome in its complete form is a disorder of hormone resistance
characterised by a female phenotype in an individual with an XY karyotype and testes …

Androgenic insensitivity syndrome is the most common cause of disorders of sexual
differentiation in 46, XY individuals. It results from alterations in the androgen receptor gene …

Biological sex is a primary determinant of athletic performance because of fundamental sex
differences in anatomy and physiology dictated by sex chromosomes and sex hormones …

Differences/disorders of sex development (DSD) are a heterogeneous group of congenital
conditions that result in discordance between an individual's sex chromosomes, gonads …

Abstract An Endo-European Reference Network guideline initiative was launched including
16 clinicians experienced in endocrinology, pediatric and adult and 2 patient …

This review article answers three questions relevant to the medical management and care of
individuals born with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), partial androgen …

The term disorders of sex development (DSD) includes congenital conditions in which
development of chromosomal, gonadal or anatomical sex is atypical. Mutations in genes …

The end-organ resistance to androgens has been designated as Androgen Insensitivity
Syndrome (AIS), an X-linked disorder caused by mutations in the Androgen Receptor (AR) …

Androgen resistance causes the androgen insensitivity syndrome in its variant forms and is
a paradigm of clinical syndromes associated with hormone resistance. In its complete form …

Most attempts to identify biological underpinnings of gender identity and sexual orientation
in humans have investigated effects of sex steroids, so pivotal in the differentiation of the …