The control of electrons at the level of the elementary charge e was demonstrated
experimentally already in the 1980s. Ever since, the production of an electrical current ef, or …

The quantum dynamics of tunnel junctions with very small capacitance, such that k BT< e
2/2C, is investigated. We derive the quantum mechanical description from the microscopic …

The goal of this paper is to review in brief the basic physics of single-election devices, as
well as their-current and prospective applications. These devices based on the controllable …

A new type of electrometer is described that uses a single-electron transistor (SET) and that
allows large operating speeds and extremely high charge sensitivity. The SET readout was …

The ongoing miniaturization of solid state devices often leads to the question:“How small
can we make resistors, transistors, etc., without changing the way they work?” The question …

In an electric field, the flow of electrons in a solid produces an entropy current in addition to
the familiar charge current. This is the Peltier effect, and it underlies all thermoelectric …

Nanotechnology, science, and engineering spearhead the 21st century revolution that is
leading to fundamental breakthroughs in the way materials, devices, and systems are …

Nanostructures in which strong (Coulomb) interactions exist between electrons are
predicted to exhibit temporal electronic correlations. Although there is ample experimental …

With the advances of microfabrication techniques in recent years it has become possible to
fabricate tunnel junctions of increasingly smaller dimensions and thereby decreasing …

Recent theoretical and experimental studies have revealed a new family of effects taking
place in very small tunnel junctions at low temperatures. The effects have a common origin …