The introduction of lymphatic mapping with sentinel node biopsy has evoked a renewed
interest in the anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system of the breast. In an …

The management of internal mammary nodes (IMNs) in breast cancer is controversial.
Surgical series from the 1950s showed that one third of breast cancer patients had IMN …

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (Vegfr-3) is a tyrosine kinase that is expressed
on the lymphatic endothelium and that signals for the growth of the lymphatic vessels …

Background: The hypothesis that sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in breast cancer
patients is optimized by combining blue dye and isotope is reasonable and intuitive. Despite …

The surgical approach of the axilla in patients with early-stage breast cancer has witnessed
considerable evolution during the past 25 years. The previously undisputed gold standard of …

Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy has become an important tool for
axillary lymph node staging in women with early-stage breast cancer. This review examines …

Background Ideally, intraoperative sentinel lymph node (SLN) analysis in breast cancer
should be automated, have high concordance with extensive histopathology, and be …

Background: Sentinel node biopsy has recently evolved as a means of staging the axilla in
breast cancer with minimal surgical trauma. The aim of this prospective multicentre study …

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy requires validation by a backup axillary dissection in a
defined series of cases before becoming standard practice, to establish individual and …

Our objective was to investigate the influence of primary tumor location on breast cancer
prognosis. We used a population‐based registry since 1977 that has collected detailed …