The New Horizons (NH) flyby of the Pluto–Charon binary planet and its system of four small
surrounding satellites in mid-2015 revolutionized our knowledge of this distant planet and its …

Questions regarding how primordial or pristine the comets of the solar system are have been
an ongoing controversy. In this review, we describe comets' physical evolution from dust and …

INTRODUCTION The close flyby of the Kuiper Belt object (486958) Arrokoth (formerly 2014
MU69) by NASA's New Horizons spacecraft revealed details of the body's structure, geology …

A critical step toward the emergence of planets in a protoplanetary disk is the accretion of
planetesimals, bodies 1–1,000 km in size, from smaller disk constituents. This process is …

INTRODUCTION The Kuiper Belt is a broad, torus-shaped region in the outer Solar System
beyond Neptune's orbit. It contains primordial planetary building blocks and dwarf planets …

This chapter reviews accretion models for Kuiper belt objects (KBOs), discussing in
particular the compatibility of the observed properties of the KBO population with the …

Planetesimals are compact astrophysical objects roughly 1–1000 km in size, massive
enough to be held together by gravity. They can grow by accreting material to become full …

Abstract Telescopic observations of Kuiper Belt objects have enabled bulk density
determinations for 18 objects. These densities vary systematically with size, perhaps …

As indicated by their special characteristics, the cold classical Kuiper belt objects (KBOs)
formed and survived at≃ 42–47 au. Notably, they show a large fraction of equal-size …

The migration history of Jupiter in the Sun's natal disk remains poorly constrained. Here we
consider how Jupiter's migration affects small-body reservoirs and how this constrains its …