The crystal structure of the dimeric membrane domain of human Band 3 1, the red cell
chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger 1 (AE1, SLC4A1), provides a structural context for …

BACKGROUND: Channelopathies, defined as diseases that are caused by mutations in
genes encoding ion channels, are associated with a wide variety of symptoms and have …

The exceptional toxicity of arsenate [As (V)] is derived from its close chemical similarity to
phosphate (Pi), which allows the metalloid to be easily incorporated into plant cells through …

The kidneys have a central role in the control of acid–base homeostasis owing to
bicarbonate reabsorption and production of ammonia and ammonium in the proximal tubule …

The primary or hereditary forms of distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) have received
increased attention because of advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanism …

Primary distal renal tubular acidosis is a rare genetic disease. Mutations in SLC4A1,
ATP6V0A4, and ATP6V1B1 genes have been described as the cause of the disease …

Bicarbonate transporters play essential roles in pH homeostasis in mammals and
photosynthesis in aquatic photoautotrophs. A number of bicarbonate transporters have been …

The renal collecting system serves the fine-tuning of renal acid–base secretion. Acid-
secretory type-A intercalated cells secrete protons via a luminally expressed V-type H+ …

The kidneys, by equilibrating the outputs to the inputs, are essential for maintaining the
constant volume, pH, and electrolyte composition of the internal milieu. Inability to do so …

In prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, biochemical and physiological processes are
sensitive to changes in H+ activity. For these processes to function optimally, a variety of …