Outer membrane vesicles secreted by gram-negative bacteria play an important role in
bacterial physiology as well as in virulence and host–pathogen interaction. Isolated vesicles …

Studies of autoimmune disease have focused on the characteristics of the identifiable
antibodies. But as our knowledge of the genes associated with the disease states expands …

Francisella spp. are highly infectious and virulent bacteria that cause the zoonotic disease
tularemia. Knowledge is lacking for the virulence factors expressed by Francisella and how …

Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterium, causing a
severe disease called tularemia. It secretes unusually shaped nanotubular outer membrane …

Francisella tularensis is an intracellular Gram-negative bacterium that causes life-
threatening tularemia. Although the prevalence of natural infection is low, F. tularensis …

ABSTRACT Introduction Bacterial Membrane Vesicles (MVs) play important roles in cell-to-
cell communication and transport of several molecules. Such structures are essential …

The NLRP3 inflammasome is central to host defense and implicated in various inflammatory
diseases and conditions. While the favored paradigm of NLRP3 inflammasome activation …

Streptococcus mutans, whose main virulence factor is glucosyltransferase (Gtf), has a
substantial impact on the development of dental caries. S. mutans membrane vesicles …

Background The gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis survives in arthropods,
fresh water amoeba, and mammals with both intracellular and extracellular phases and …

Francisella tularensis (Ft) is a gram-negative intercellular pathogen and category A biothreat
agent. However, despite 15 years of strong government investment and intense research …