Influenza viruses are responsible for millions of cases globally and significantly threaten
public health. Since pandemic and zoonotic influenza viruses have emerged in the last 20 …

The avian influenza A virus (AIV) is naturally prevalent in aquatic birds, infecting different
avian species and transmitting from birds to humans. Both AIVs, the H5N1 and H7N9 …

The globally circulating H5N8 avian influenza viruses bearing the clade 2.3. 4.4 b
hemagglutinin (HA) gene are responsible for the loss of more than 33 million domestic …

In early 2013, human infections caused by a novel H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV) were
first reported in China; these infections caused severe disease and death. The virus was …

In the last century, H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2 influenza viruses caused pandemics in 1918,
1957, and 1968, respectively. In 2009, a novel H1N1 reassortant jumped from pigs to …

Species differences in the host factor ANP32A/B result in the restriction of avian influenza
virus polymerase (vPol) in mammalian cells. Efficient replication of avian influenza viruses in …

The continuous evolution of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) of subtype H3 in China and the
emergence of human infection with AIV subtype H3N8 highlight their threat to public health …

Animal influenza viruses continue to pose a threat to human public health. The Eurasian
avian-like H1N1 (EA H1N1) viruses are widespread in pigs throughout Europe and China …

The H10 subtypes of avian influenza viruses pose a continual threat to the poultry industry
and human health. The sporadic spillover of H10 subtypes viruses from poultry to humans is …

Influenza H3N8 viruses have been recovered frequently from wild bird species, including
Anseriformes (primarily from migratory ducks) and Charadriiformes (primarily from …