Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous structures secreted into the
extracellular space. They exhibit diverse sizes, contents, and surface markers and are …

Exosomes have emerged as a promising cell-free therapeutic approach. However,
challenges in large-scale production, quality control, and heterogeneity must be overcome …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread clinical disease characterized by cartilage degeneration
in middle-aged and elderly people. Currently, there is no effective treatment for OA apart …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and dynamic entity, comprising stromal
cells, immune cells, blood vessels and extracellular matrix, which is intimately associated …

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are 30–150 nm membrane-bound vesicles naturally
secreted by cells and play important roles in intercellular communication by delivering …

Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) have been paid great attention in the
treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). As a proof of concept, we isolated and identified …

Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a promising therapeutic molecule with numerous
clinical applications in treating central nervous system disorders, tumors, COVID-19, and …

Osteoporosis (OP) affects millions worldwide but currently cannot be cured. Suppressing the
level of miR-214 in osteoclasts by the anti-miRNA oligonucleotide (AMO) anti-miR-214 …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane‐enclosed nanovesicles secreted by cells into the
extracellular space and contain functional biomolecules, eg signaling receptors, bioactive …

Introduction A major challenge in treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders is to
achieve adequate drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Receptor-mediated …