Over the past decades, great interest has been given to biomimetic nanoparticles (BNPs)
since the rise of targeted drug delivery systems and biomimetic nanotechnology. Biological …

Vaccines are critical tools for maintaining global health. Traditional vaccine technologies
have been used across a wide range of bacterial and viral pathogens, yet there are a …

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated neurological disorder, characterized by
central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, oligodendrocyte loss, demyelination, and …

The increasing use of multiple immunomodulatory (IMD) agents for cancer therapies (eg
antibodies targeting immune checkpoints, bispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen …

Autoimmune diseases are a group of serious immune system disorders that are usually
idiopathic and persistent. Currently, autoimmune diseases are often diagnosed after obvious …

Autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) develop because of failed peripheral
immune tolerance for a specific self-antigen (Ag). Numerous approaches for Ag-specific …

It is difficult to carry out early diagnosis and treatment of Multiple sclerosis (MS) because of
the complex pathogenesis elicited by diversified autoantigens. Monocytes play important …

Effective drug delivery requires ample dosing at the target tissue while minimizing negative
side effects. Drug delivery vehicles such as polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are often …

Autoimmune disease is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by disorders of immune
regulation. Antigen-specific immunotherapy has the potential to inhibit the autoreactivity of …

The intravenous delivery of disease-relevant antigens (Ag) by polymeric nanoparticles (NP-
Ags) has demonstrated Ag-specific immune tolerance in autoimmune and allergic disorders …