Stress is defined as a state of threatened homeodynamic balance by a wide range of
intrinsic or extrinsic, real or perceived challenges or stimuli, defined as stressors. To …

Early life stressors display a high universal prevalence and constitute a major public health
problem. Prolonged psychoneurobiological alterations as sequelae of early life stress (ELS) …

Women are about twice as likely as are men to develop depression during their lifetime. This
Series paper summarises evidence regarding the epidemiology on gender differences in …

Children who have experienced environmental adversity—such as abuse, neglect, or
poverty—are more likely to develop physical and mental health problems, perform poorly at …

Stress, anxiety and depressive disorders are often characterized by the activation of the
stress axis, which results in similar symptoms at some point in these disorders. These …

We discuss the development of Eccles, Wigfield, and colleagues' expectancy-value model of
achievement motivation (now called SEVT for situated expectancy value theory) and review …

Pain is a primary symptom driving patients to seek physical therapy, and its attenuation
commonly defines a successful outcome. A large body of evidence is dedicated to …

Stress is viewed as a state of real or perceived threat to homeostasis, the management of
which involves the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems. These systems work …

The brain and the immune system are not fully formed at birth, but rather continue to mature
in response to the postnatal environment. The two-way interaction between the brain and …

Research examining the relationship between work stress and well-being has flourished
over the past 20 years. At the same time, research on physiological stress processes has …