Cell death pathways have evolved to maintain tissue homoeostasis and eliminate potentially
harmful cells from within an organism, such as cells with damaged DNA that could lead to …

ABSTRACT Homologous to E6AP C-terminus (HECT) E3 ubiquitin ligases play a critical role
in various cellular pathways, including but not limited to protein trafficking, subcellular …

TGF-β signaling is a therapeutic target in advanced cancers. We identified tumor necrosis
factor receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) as a key component mediating pro-oncogenic …

Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) and Smurf2 are HECT-type E3 ubiquitin
ligases, and both Smurfs were initially identified to regulate Smad protein stability in the TGF …

The tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R)-associated factor (TRAF) family of cytoplasmic
adaptor proteins regulate the signal transduction pathways of a variety of receptors …

The HER2 receptor modulates downstream signaling by forming homodimers and
heterodimers with other members of the HER family. For patients with HER2-positive breast …

Patients with bladder cancer often have a poor prognosis due to the highly invasive and
metastatic characteristics of bladder cancer cells. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition …

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a secreted growth and differentiation factor that
influences vital cellular processes like proliferation, adhesion, motility, and apoptosis …

Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 1 (SMURF1), a well-known E3 ubiquitin ligase, targets
substrate proteins for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Accumulating studies …

Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) is a member of the TRAF
protein family, a cytoplasmic bridging molecule closely associated with various immune …