Research in first language development draws disproportionately from nontone languages.
Such research is often presumed to reveal developmental universals in spite of the fact that …

This study investigates the perception and production of a specific type of metaphoric
gesture that mimics melody in speech, also called pitch gesture, in the learning of L2 …

The present study examined native language phonological and phonetic factors in non-
native lexical tone perception by tone language listeners, manipulating memory load and …

Two experiments focus on Thai tone perception by native speakers of tone languages (Thai,
Cantonese, and Mandarin), a pitch–accent (Swedish), and a nontonal (English) language. In …

A cross tone-language perceptual assimilation study investigated native categorisations and
goodness ratings of non-native Thai tones by Thai-naive listeners differing in their native …

All languages employ consonants and vowels as discrete contrastive subcomponents of the
basic timing units of words (syllables). These two classes of phonemes are used to …

This study reports findings from two experiments on second language learners, comparing
their performance in an Imitation task to that in Identification and Read-Aloud tasks …

Adult second language learners often show considerable individual variability in the ease
with which lexical tones are learned. It is known that factors pertaining to a learner's first …

Previous studies show that lexical tones can be discriminated visually, but the locus of this
information is unknown. Here we investigate the role of visual face and head information in …

Some prior investigations suggest that tone perception is flexible, reasonably independent
of native phonology, whereas others suggest it is constrained by native phonology. We …