In humans, cell fusion is restricted to only a few cell types under normal conditions. In the
placenta, cell fusion is a critical process for generating syncytiotrophoblast: the giant …

The placenta is a unique organ system that functionally combines both maternal and fetal
cell types with distinct lineage origins. Normal placentation is critical for developmental …

Aneuploidy, the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes, is a major cause of early
pregnancy loss in humans. Yet, the developmental consequences of specific aneuploidies …

The pioneer activity of transcription factors allows for opening of inaccessible regulatory
elements and has been extensively studied in the context of cellular differentiation and …

Abstract Although the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays an evolutionarily conserved role from
Drosophila to mammals, some divergences also exist. Loss of Sufu, an important component …

Trophectoderm (TE) and the inner cell mass are the first two lineages in murine
embryogenesis and cannot naturally transit to each other. The barriers between them are …

The effective proliferation and differentiation of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) is
indispensable for the development of the placenta, which is the key to maintaining normal …

Uterine spiral arteries are extensively remodeled during placentation to ensure sufficient
delivery of maternal blood to the developing fetus. Uterine spiral arterial remodeling is …

Endocytosis is an essential mechanism for cellular uptake in many human tissues. A range
of endocytic mechanisms occur including clathrin-dependent and-independent …

Background One of the most critical periods for the loss of pig embryos is the 12th day of
gestation when implantation begins. Recent studies have shown that non-coding RNAs …