Literature from diverse sources such as public expenditure economics, management
science, geography, agriculture, and engineering reveals a wide range of decision …

Economical integration of permanent and emergency flood control options is a long-
standing problem in water resources planning and management. A two-stage linear …

Using structural and nonstructural measures for flood damage reduction is a long-standing
problem in water resources planning and management. In the present study, an algorithm is …

Flood events have the highest damage costs and losses among natural hazards. There are
different types of measures to mitigate flood damage costs and their negative …

Watershed management includes methods to create, enhance, and maintain vegetation to
reduce run‐off and provide flood control in the watershed. The assignment of priority for …

In this paper, two optimization models are presented. The first model is developed to
determine economical combination of permanent and emergency flood control options and …

One of the basic assumptions usually made by researchers for obtaining optimal designs of
flood mitigation measures that take into account the associated uncertainties is …

Flood risk management in floodplain systems is a long-standing problem in water resources
management. Soft strategies such as land cover change are used to mitigate damages due …

Flood‐routing methods, together with a branch and bound backtracking optimization routine,
are used to evaluate alternative capacities and locations of various flood control structures …

Flooding can result in damages to buildings and contents, to ser vices such as roads and
power supplies and to the machinery and equipment of industry, trade and rural production …